This is the english version. Deutschsprachige Version: hier entlang
without Gravity
Exercise: A projectile has a velocity of v0=0.9 (in natural units of c) when shot from a clamped in canon. If the canon is not clamped in but floating freely, and the mass of the canon is 10× that of the projectile, what would the velocity v1 of the projectile be, and how high the recoil velocity v2 of the canon?
Exercise: A satellite orbits around a black hole's ISCO. How much energy is required to launch a projectile with the required escape velocity to escape to infinity if the mass of the satellite is 10× higher than the mass of the projectile?
Calculation:vPro: prograde velocity of the satellite, vEsc: escape velocity (both measured in the frame of a locally stationary and angular momentum free observer), vDif: required projectile velocity, vRec: recoil (both in the satellite's frame of reference), Ek: required energy to launch the projectile (in natural units of mc², where m is the mass of the projectile).
Animation: on the left the projectile (red) is launched with the required escape velocity, and the satellite's orbital velocity is reduced by the recoil. On the right a second projectile (orange) is launched into the opposite direction to cancel out the recoil so the satellite can keep a constant velocity. Before the shot at t=0 the numerical display shows the orbital parameters of the satellite, and after t=0 those of the projectile.
1) Kepler
Simulation (click on the image to lower the frame rate):
This is the english version. 
Deutschsprachige Version: hier entlang
1) Newton
2) Einstein
